3D morphometrics Academic Acoustic signals adaptation adaptive radiation allometry alternative development AlumniHS AlumniPG AlumniUG Amazon Amazon-Andes American leaf-nosed bats Americas ancient DNA ancient proteins Andean forest Andean hummingbirds Andean Pact Andes angiosperm Antilles aphid Apicomplexa archival DNA Ariari Ariteus armed conflict armed group Atlapetes leucopis Aves babblers bacteriocyte bait capture barcoding Bats Bayesian Bayesian phylogenetics behavior Biodiversity biodiversity surveys BioGeoBEARS Bioprospecting birds Birth-death models Bolivia Brachyphylla Brazil Bubulcus ibis calibration Caribbean cattle cattle ranching Cauca cell culture Central America chemosensation Chilonatalus Chiroptera Chocó chronogram classification climate change coalescence coca Codon models Colombia community assembly complex leaves connectivity Conservation conservation prioritization Convention on Biological Diversity convergence Cordillera Oriental Corvus leucognaphalus COVID-19 credit crime prevention Cubanycteris current Cytochrome b deforestation deglaciation dentition development diceCT direct factors dispersal dispersal-vicariance analysis distance methods distribution and checklist diversification dN/dS DNA barcoding Dollo's Law drug trafficking East Andes echolocation ecological genetics ecology economic incentives ecosystem Ecuador edge Egretta thula electrification Emberizidae endosymbiosis environmental damage Environmental degradation error rates Erythroxylum Escherichia coli Event-based biogeography evolution Evolutionary genetics expired extent of occurrence extinction FARC Faunal list update feeding biomechanics finite-element analysis Fires First faunal account flight forest conservation forest fragmentation forest policy fossils frugivory functional diversity functional evolution Furipteridae Gaarlandia gene duplication gene family evolution Gene tree gene trees genetic resources genetic structure genomics geographic isolation geographic range evolution glaciation Globalisation gold mining ground sloths guerrillas gunpoint conservation Haiti hamburger connection harp trap hierarchical models histology historical biogeography hoja blanca Holocene Huallaga Valley human influence index hummingbirds hutia Icterus dominicensis Ile a Vache illegal drugs illicit crops immunity Inca incongruence Indigenous inequality International environmental law iodine-staining island biogeography Jamaica La Venta land as wealth land grabbing Laurasiatheria Legislation Lesser Antilles Lionycteris livestock Lonchophylla Lonchophyllinae longevity macroevolution main olfactory system mammal Marginal de la Selva Maxent Maximum likelihood models mealybug megafauna Mexico microCT Miocene mitochondrial mitochondrial DNA mixed models MODIS mole-rats Molecular evolution monitoring monophyly Mormoopidae Mormoops Morphological evolution morphological innovation morphology multi-temporal explanations multinational corporations Natalidae Natalus nature reserve nectarivory Neotropics Nest structure and egg laying new records and recent extirpations niche specialization Noctilionidae Noctilionoidea Nonhomogeneous molecular evolution North America Notonycteris Nycticorax nycticorax Nyctiellus olfaction olfactory receptors opsins Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Palynephyllum Parametric bootstrap paramilitaries partitioned likelihood support Passeriformes path-wise rates Peace agreement peace process Peru pheromone Philippines Phyllostomidae phylogenetic ANOVA phylogenetic logistic regression phylogenetic regression phylogenetics phylogeny phylogeography Platalina political violence Population genetics positive selection posterior predictive check preadaptation primatology protected areas proteomics Protozoan genome pseudogene Pteronotus Pteronotus fulvus Pteronotus portoricensis Pteronotus psilotis Pteronotus pusillus Pteronotus rubiginosus Puerto Rico purifying selection Putumayo Department Quaternary Rag2 rate of evolution referendum refugia relaxed selection Reproductive behaviour Researchers reversal reverse colonization RFLP rice river-refuge sampling bias San Lucas Santa Cruz sap-feeding insect saturation scaffold sea-level rise sensory biology Short-faced bats short-wave opsin shrinkage simple leaves Social crisis Song characteristics Song characteristics and reproductive behaviour South America spatial analysis spatial autocorrelation specialisation speciation species-area relationship species delimitation species description species distribution modeling Species limits species trees stasis Stenodermatina Stenodermatinae sub-Sharan Africa synthesis systematic error systematics Tambito theoretical shape Thyropteridae Timalidae total evidence transcription Transcriptomics translation transmembrane domains Tree comparisons trophic level tropical biology Trpc2 Two-prior on branch lengths model underlying factors United Nations variable-rates model Venezuela vestigial vicariance Vietnam violence violence syndrome virus resistance vomeronasal organ vomeronasal system war West Indies wet and dry season